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Matrices and Determinants question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q57
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Matrices and Determinants question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q57

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsNumerical+4 / −1
If the system of equations 2x+7y+λz=33x+2y+5z=4x+μy+32z=−1\begin{aligned} & 2 x+7 y+\lambda z=3 \\ & 3 x+2 y+5 z=4 \\ & x+\mu y+32 z=-1 \end{aligned}​2x+7y+λz=33x+2y+5z=4x+μy+32z=−1​ has infinitely many solutions, then (λ−μ)(\lambda-\mu)(λ−μ) is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ :
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 38

  1. For a system of 333 linear equations in 333 variables to have infinitely many solutions, we need

    • the coefficient matrix to be singular: det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0,
    • and the equations to be consistent, i.e. the augmented matrix must have the same rank as the coefficient matrix, both <3<3<3.
  2. Write the coefficient matrix: A=(27λ3251μ32)A=\begin{pmatrix}2&7&\lambda\\[4pt]3&2&5\\[4pt]1&\mu&32\end{pmatrix}A=​231​72μ​λ532​​

    Since infinitely many solutions are given, first set det⁡(A)=0.\det(A)=0.det(A)=0.

  3. Compute the determinant: det⁡(A)=2∣25μ32∣−7∣35132∣+λ∣321μ∣\det(A)=2\begin{vmatrix}2&5\\ \mu&32\end{vmatrix}-7\begin{vmatrix}3&5\\ 1&32\end{vmatrix}+\lambda\begin{vmatrix}3&2\\ 1&\mu\end{vmatrix}det(A)=2​2μ​532​​−7​31​532​​+λ​31​2μ​​

    =2(64−5μ)−7(96−5)+λ(3μ−2)=2(64-5\mu)-7(96-5)+\lambda(3\mu-2)=2(64−5μ)−7(96−5)+λ(3μ−2)

    =128−10μ−637+λ(3μ−2)=128-10\mu-637+\lambda(3\mu-2)=128−10μ−637+λ(3μ−2)

    =λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509=\lambda(3\mu-2)-10\mu-509=λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509

    Hence, λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509=0(1)\lambda(3\mu-2)-10\mu-509=0 \qquad (1)λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509=0(1)

  4. For infinitely many solutions, the third equation must be a linear combination of the first two (since rank must be 222).

    So let R3=aR1+bR2R_3=aR_1+bR_2R3​=aR1​+bR2​ where \begin{align*} a(2,7,\lambda\mid 3)+b(3,2,5\mid 4)=(1,\mu,32\mid -1). \end{align*}

    Equating coefficients gives: \begin{align*} 2a+3b&=1 \qquad (2)\ 3a+4b&=-1 \qquad (from constants) \end{align*}

    Solve these two equations:

    From 2a+3b=12a+3b=12a+3b=1 and 3a+4b=−1,3a+4b=-1,3a+4b=−1,

    multiply first by 333 and second by 222: \begin{align*} 6a+9b&=3\ 6a+8b&=-2 \end{align*} Subtracting, b=5.b=5.b=5. Then from 2a+3b=12a+3b=12a+3b=1, 2a+15=1⇒2a=−14⇒a=−7.2a+15=1 \Rightarrow 2a=-14 \Rightarrow a=-7.2a+15=1⇒2a=−14⇒a=−7.

  5. Now use the yyy-coefficient and zzz-coefficient:

    μ=7a+2b=7(−7)+2(5)=−49+10=−39\mu=7a+2b=7(-7)+2(5)=-49+10=-39μ=7a+2b=7(−7)+2(5)=−49+10=−39

    32=λa+5b=−7λ+2532=\lambda a+5b=-7\lambda+2532=λa+5b=−7λ+25 −7λ=7⇒λ=−1.-7\lambda=7 \Rightarrow \lambda=-1.−7λ=7⇒λ=−1.

  6. Therefore, λ−μ=(−1)−(−39)=38.\lambda-\mu=(-1)-(-39)=38.λ−μ=(−1)−(−39)=38.

  7. Verification in determinant condition: λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509=(−1)(3(−39)−2)−10(−39)−509\lambda(3\mu-2)-10\mu-509=(-1)(3(-39)-2)-10(-39)-509λ(3μ−2)−10μ−509=(−1)(3(−39)−2)−10(−39)−509 =(−1)(−119)+390−509=119+390−509=0,=(-1)(-119)+390-509=119+390-509=0,=(−1)(−119)+390−509=119+390−509=0, so the condition is satisfied.

Hence the required integer is 38.\boxed{38}.38​.

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