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Matrices and Determinants question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q35
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Matrices and Determinants question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsNumerical+4 / −1
Let Dk=∣12k2k−1nn2+n+2n2nn2+nn2+n+2∣\mathrm{D}_{\mathrm{k}}=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1 & 2 k & 2 k-1 \\ n & n^{2}+n+2 & n^{2} \\ n & n^{2}+n & n^{2}+n+2\end{array}\right|Dk​=​1nn​2kn2+n+2n2+n​2k−1n2n2+n+2​​. If ∑k=1nDk=96\sum_{k=1}^{n} \mathrm{D}_{\mathrm{k}}=96∑k=1n​Dk​=96, then nnn is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 6

  1. We are given
Dk=∣12k2k−1nn2+n+2n2nn2+nn2+n+2∣D_k=\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2k & 2k-1\\ n & n^2+n+2 & n^2\\ n & n^2+n & n^2+n+2 \end{vmatrix}Dk​=​1nn​2kn2+n+2n2+n​2k−1n2n2+n+2​​

and

∑k=1nDk=96.\sum_{k=1}^{n} D_k = 96.k=1∑n​Dk​=96.

We must find nnn.

  1. Simplify the determinant.

Apply row operation: R3→R3−R2R_3 \to R_3 - R_2R3​→R3​−R2​ Then

Dk=∣12k2k−1nn2+n+2n20−2n+2∣.D_k= \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2k & 2k-1\\ n & n^2+n+2 & n^2\\ 0 & -2 & n+2 \end{vmatrix}.Dk​=​1n0​2kn2+n+2−2​2k−1n2n+2​​.
  1. Expand along the third row:
Dk=0⋅C31+(−2)C32+(n+2)C33.D_k = 0\cdot C_{31} + (-2)C_{32} + (n+2)C_{33}.Dk​=0⋅C31​+(−2)C32​+(n+2)C33​.

It is easier to directly compute:

Dk=1∣n2+n+2n2−2n+2∣−2k∣nn20n+2∣+(2k−1)∣nn2+n+20−2∣.D_k = 1\begin{vmatrix} n^2+n+2 & n^2 \\ -2 & n+2 \end{vmatrix} -2k\begin{vmatrix} n & n^2 \\ 0 & n+2 \end{vmatrix} +(2k-1)\begin{vmatrix} n & n^2+n+2 \\ 0 & -2 \end{vmatrix}.Dk​=1​n2+n+2−2​n2n+2​​−2k​n0​n2n+2​​+(2k−1)​n0​n2+n+2−2​​.

Now evaluate each minor:

  • First minor:
∣n2+n+2n2−2n+2∣=(n2+n+2)(n+2)−n2(−2).\begin{vmatrix} n^2+n+2 & n^2 \\ -2 & n+2 \end{vmatrix} =(n^2+n+2)(n+2)-n^2(-2).​n2+n+2−2​n2n+2​​=(n2+n+2)(n+2)−n2(−2).

Expand:

(n2+n+2)(n+2)=n3+3n2+4n+4,(n^2+n+2)(n+2)=n^3+3n^2+4n+4,(n2+n+2)(n+2)=n3+3n2+4n+4,

so

=n3+3n2+4n+4+2n2=n3+5n2+4n+4.= n^3+3n^2+4n+4+2n^2 = n^3+5n^2+4n+4.=n3+3n2+4n+4+2n2=n3+5n2+4n+4.
  • Second minor:
∣nn20n+2∣=n(n+2)=n2+2n.\begin{vmatrix} n & n^2 \\ 0 & n+2 \end{vmatrix}=n(n+2)=n^2+2n.​n0​n2n+2​​=n(n+2)=n2+2n.

Hence contribution is

−2k(n2+2n).-2k(n^2+2n).−2k(n2+2n).
  • Third minor:
∣nn2+n+20−2∣=n(−2)=−2n.\begin{vmatrix} n & n^2+n+2 \\ 0 & -2 \end{vmatrix}=n(-2)=-2n.​n0​n2+n+2−2​​=n(−2)=−2n.

Hence contribution is

(2k−1)(−2n)=−4kn+2n.(2k-1)(-2n)=-4kn+2n.(2k−1)(−2n)=−4kn+2n.

Therefore,

Dk=n3+5n2+4n+4−2k(n2+2n)−4kn+2n.D_k = n^3+5n^2+4n+4 -2k(n^2+2n) -4kn +2n.Dk​=n3+5n2+4n+4−2k(n2+2n)−4kn+2n.

Combine terms:

Dk=n3+5n2+6n+4−2kn2−8kn.D_k = n^3+5n^2+6n+4 -2kn^2-8kn.Dk​=n3+5n2+6n+4−2kn2−8kn.

So

Dk=n3+5n2+6n+4−2k(n2+4n).D_k = n^3+5n^2+6n+4 -2k(n^2+4n).Dk​=n3+5n2+6n+4−2k(n2+4n).
  1. Sum from k=1k=1k=1 to nnn:
∑k=1nDk=∑k=1n(n3+5n2+6n+4)−2(n2+4n)∑k=1nk.\sum_{k=1}^n D_k = \sum_{k=1}^n \left(n^3+5n^2+6n+4\right) -2(n^2+4n)\sum_{k=1}^n k.k=1∑n​Dk​=k=1∑n​(n3+5n2+6n+4)−2(n2+4n)k=1∑n​k.

Since the first part is constant in kkk,

∑k=1nDk=n(n3+5n2+6n+4)−2(n2+4n)⋅n(n+1)2.\sum_{k=1}^n D_k = n(n^3+5n^2+6n+4)-2(n^2+4n)\cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2}.k=1∑n​Dk​=n(n3+5n2+6n+4)−2(n2+4n)⋅2n(n+1)​.

This becomes

=n(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n2+4n)n(n+1).= n(n^3+5n^2+6n+4) - (n^2+4n)n(n+1).=n(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n2+4n)n(n+1).

Factor nnn:

=n[(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n2+4n)(n+1)].= n\left[(n^3+5n^2+6n+4) - (n^2+4n)(n+1)\right].=n[(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n2+4n)(n+1)].

Now,

(n2+4n)(n+1)=n3+5n2+4n.(n^2+4n)(n+1)=n^3+5n^2+4n.(n2+4n)(n+1)=n3+5n2+4n.

So,

∑k=1nDk=n[(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n3+5n2+4n)]=n(2n+4).\sum_{k=1}^n D_k = n\left[(n^3+5n^2+6n+4)-(n^3+5n^2+4n)\right] = n(2n+4).k=1∑n​Dk​=n[(n3+5n2+6n+4)−(n3+5n2+4n)]=n(2n+4).

Thus,

∑k=1nDk=2n2+4n.\sum_{k=1}^n D_k = 2n^2+4n.k=1∑n​Dk​=2n2+4n.
  1. Given this equals 969696:
2n2+4n=96.2n^2+4n=96.2n2+4n=96.

Divide by 222:

n2+2n=48.n^2+2n=48.n2+2n=48.

So,

n2+2n−48=0.n^2+2n-48=0.n2+2n−48=0.

Factor:

(n+8)(n−6)=0.(n+8)(n-6)=0.(n+8)(n−6)=0.

Hence,

n=6orn=−8.n=6 \quad \text{or} \quad n=-8.n=6orn=−8.

Since the sum is from k=1k=1k=1 to nnn, nnn must be a positive integer. Therefore,

n=6.\boxed{n=6}.n=6​.
  1. Comparison with stored answer: Stored correct answer = 666. Our derived answer also is 666, so they agree.
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