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Definite Integration question

2022 · 26 Jun · Shift 2 · Q45
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  5. /2022 · 26 Jun · Shift 2 · Q45

Definite Integration question

2022 · 26 Jun · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+4 / −1
The integral 24π∫02(2−x2)dx(2+x2)4+x4{{24} \over \pi }\int_0^{\sqrt 2 } {{{(2 - {x^2})dx} \over {(2 + {x^2})\sqrt {4 + {x^4}} }}}π24​∫02​​(2+x2)4+x4​(2−x2)dx​ is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3

  1. We need to evaluate I=24π∫022−x2(2+x2)4+x4 dx.I=\frac{24}{\pi}\int_0^{\sqrt2}\frac{2-x^2}{(2+x^2)\sqrt{4+x^4}}\,dx.I=π24​∫02​​(2+x2)4+x4​2−x2​dx.

Let J=∫022−x2(2+x2)4+x4 dx.J=\int_0^{\sqrt2}\frac{2-x^2}{(2+x^2)\sqrt{4+x^4}}\,dx.J=∫02​​(2+x2)4+x4​2−x2​dx. Then I=24πJI=\dfrac{24}{\pi}JI=π24​J.


  1. Use the substitution x2=2tan⁡θ.x^2=2\tan\theta.x2=2tanθ. Then x=2tan⁡θ,x=\sqrt{2\tan\theta},x=2tanθ​, and differentiating, 2x dx=2sec⁡2θ dθ⇒dx=sec⁡2θx dθ.2x\,dx=2\sec^2\theta\,d\theta \quad\Rightarrow\quad dx=\frac{\sec^2\theta}{x}\,d\theta.2xdx=2sec2θdθ⇒dx=xsec2θ​dθ. Also, 2+x2=2+2tan⁡θ=2(1+tan⁡θ),2+x^2=2+2\tan\theta=2(1+\tan\theta),2+x2=2+2tanθ=2(1+tanθ), 2−x2=2−2tan⁡θ=2(1−tan⁡θ),2-x^2=2-2\tan\theta=2(1-\tan\theta),2−x2=2−2tanθ=2(1−tanθ), and 4+x4=4+4tan⁡2θ=2sec⁡θ.\sqrt{4+x^4}=\sqrt{4+4\tan^2\theta}=2\sec\theta.4+x4​=4+4tan2θ​=2secθ.

Now simplify the integrand more systematically.

Since x=2tan⁡θx=\sqrt{2\tan\theta}x=2tanθ​, we have dx=sec⁡2θ2tan⁡θ  dθ.dx=\frac{\sec^2\theta}{\sqrt{2\tan\theta}}\;d\theta.dx=2tanθ​sec2θ​dθ. Hence J=∫2(1−tan⁡θ)2(1+tan⁡θ)⋅2sec⁡θ⋅sec⁡2θ2tan⁡θ dθ,J=\int \frac{2(1-\tan\theta)}{2(1+\tan\theta)\cdot 2\sec\theta}\cdot \frac{\sec^2\theta}{\sqrt{2\tan\theta}}\,d\theta,J=∫2(1+tanθ)⋅2secθ2(1−tanθ)​⋅2tanθ​sec2θ​dθ, which looks messy. So instead, use a better substitution.


  1. A cleaner substitution is x=2tan⁡t.x=\sqrt2\tan t.x=2​tant. Then as xxx goes from 000 to 2\sqrt22​, ttt goes from 000 to π4\frac\pi44π​.

Now compute: x2=2tan⁡2t,x^2=2\tan^2 t,x2=2tan2t, so 2−x2=2(1−tan⁡2t),2-x^2=2(1-\tan^2 t),2−x2=2(1−tan2t), 2+x2=2(1+tan⁡2t)=2sec⁡2t,2+x^2=2(1+\tan^2 t)=2\sec^2 t,2+x2=2(1+tan2t)=2sec2t, 4+x4=4+4tan⁡4t=4(1+tan⁡4t),4+x^4=4+4\tan^4 t=4(1+\tan^4 t),4+x4=4+4tan4t=4(1+tan4t), thus 4+x4=21+tan⁡4t,\sqrt{4+x^4}=2\sqrt{1+\tan^4 t},4+x4​=21+tan4t​, and dx=2sec⁡2t dt.dx=\sqrt2\sec^2 t\,dt.dx=2​sec2tdt.

Therefore, J=∫0π/42(1−tan⁡2t)2sec⁡2t⋅21+tan⁡4t⋅2sec⁡2t dtJ=\int_0^{\pi/4}\frac{2(1-\tan^2 t)}{2\sec^2 t\cdot 2\sqrt{1+\tan^4 t}}\cdot \sqrt2\sec^2 t\,dtJ=∫0π/4​2sec2t⋅21+tan4t​2(1−tan2t)​⋅2​sec2tdt =22∫0π/41−tan⁡2t1+tan⁡4t dt.=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\int_0^{\pi/4}\frac{1-\tan^2 t}{\sqrt{1+\tan^4 t}}\,dt.=22​​∫0π/4​1+tan4t​1−tan2t​dt.

Now use 1+tan⁡4t=(1+tan⁡2t)2−2tan⁡2t=sec⁡4t−2tan⁡2t.1+\tan^4 t=(1+\tan^2 t)^2-2\tan^2 t=\sec^4 t-2\tan^2 t.1+tan4t=(1+tan2t)2−2tan2t=sec4t−2tan2t. Then 1+tan⁡4t=cos⁡4t+sin⁡4tcos⁡2t.\sqrt{1+\tan^4 t}=\frac{\sqrt{\cos^4 t+\sin^4 t}}{\cos^2 t}.1+tan4t​=cos2tcos4t+sin4t​​. So 1−tan⁡2t1+tan⁡4t=cos⁡2tcos⁡4t+sin⁡4t.\frac{1-\tan^2 t}{\sqrt{1+\tan^4 t}}=\frac{\cos2t}{\sqrt{\cos^4 t+\sin^4 t}}.1+tan4t​1−tan2t​=cos4t+sin4t​cos2t​. Hence J=22∫0π/4cos⁡2tcos⁡4t+sin⁡4t dt.J=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\int_0^{\pi/4}\frac{\cos2t}{\sqrt{\cos^4 t+\sin^4 t}}\,dt.J=22​​∫0π/4​cos4t+sin4t​cos2t​dt.

But cos⁡4t+sin⁡4t=(sin⁡2t+cos⁡2t)2−2sin⁡2tcos⁡2t=1−12sin⁡22t.\cos^4 t+\sin^4 t=(\sin^2 t+\cos^2 t)^2-2\sin^2 t\cos^2 t=1-\frac12\sin^2 2t.cos4t+sin4t=(sin2t+cos2t)2−2sin2tcos2t=1−21​sin22t. So J=22∫0π/4cos⁡2t1−12sin⁡22t dt.J=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\int_0^{\pi/4}\frac{\cos2t}{\sqrt{1-\frac12\sin^2 2t}}\,dt.J=22​​∫0π/4​1−21​sin22t​cos2t​dt.

Now let u=sin⁡2t⇒du=2cos⁡2t dt.u=\sin2t \quad\Rightarrow\quad du=2\cos2t\,dt.u=sin2t⇒du=2cos2tdt. When t=0t=0t=0, u=0u=0u=0; when t=π/4t=\pi/4t=π/4, u=1u=1u=1. Therefore, J=24∫01du1−12u2.J=\frac{\sqrt2}{4}\int_0^1\frac{du}{\sqrt{1-\frac12u^2}}.J=42​​∫01​1−21​u2​du​.


  1. Evaluate the standard integral: ∫du1−a2u2=1asin⁡−1(au)+C.\int\frac{du}{\sqrt{1-a^2u^2}}=\frac{1}{a}\sin^{-1}(au)+C.∫1−a2u2​du​=a1​sin−1(au)+C. Here, 1−12u2=1−(u2)2.1-\frac12u^2=1-\left(\frac{u}{\sqrt2}\right)^2.1−21​u2=1−(2​u​)2. So ∫01du1−12u2=2sin⁡−1(u2)∣01.\int_0^1\frac{du}{\sqrt{1-\frac12u^2}}=\sqrt2\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{u}{\sqrt2}\right)\Bigg|_0^1.∫01​1−21​u2​du​=2​sin−1(2​u​)​01​. Thus =2[sin⁡−1(12)−0]=\sqrt2\left[\sin^{-1}\left(\frac1{\sqrt2}\right)-0\right]=2​[sin−1(2​1​)−0] =2⋅π4.=\sqrt2\cdot \frac\pi4.=2​⋅4π​.

Therefore, J=24⋅2⋅π4=π8.J=\frac{\sqrt2}{4}\cdot \sqrt2\cdot \frac\pi4=\frac\pi8.J=42​​⋅2​⋅4π​=8π​.

Finally, I=24π⋅π8=3.I=\frac{24}{\pi}\cdot\frac\pi8=3.I=π24​⋅8π​=3.


  1. Final answer: 3\boxed{3}3​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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