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The integral π24∫02(2+x2)4+x4(2−x2)dx is equal to .
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3
We need to evaluate
I=π24∫02(2+x2)4+x42−x2dx.
Let
J=∫02(2+x2)4+x42−x2dx.
Then I=π24J.
Use the substitution
x2=2tanθ.
Then
x=2tanθ,
and differentiating,
2xdx=2sec2θdθ⇒dx=xsec2θdθ.
Also,
2+x2=2+2tanθ=2(1+tanθ),2−x2=2−2tanθ=2(1−tanθ),
and
4+x4=4+4tan2θ=2secθ.
Now simplify the integrand more systematically.
Since x=2tanθ, we have
dx=2tanθsec2θdθ.
Hence
J=∫2(1+tanθ)⋅2secθ2(1−tanθ)⋅2tanθsec2θdθ,
which looks messy. So instead, use a better substitution.
A cleaner substitution is
x=2tant.
Then as x goes from 0 to 2, t goes from 0 to 4π.
Now compute:
x2=2tan2t,
so
2−x2=2(1−tan2t),2+x2=2(1+tan2t)=2sec2t,4+x4=4+4tan4t=4(1+tan4t),
thus
4+x4=21+tan4t,
and
dx=2sec2tdt.
Now use
1+tan4t=(1+tan2t)2−2tan2t=sec4t−2tan2t.
Then
1+tan4t=cos2tcos4t+sin4t.
So
1+tan4t1−tan2t=cos4t+sin4tcos2t.
Hence
J=22∫0π/4cos4t+sin4tcos2tdt.
But
cos4t+sin4t=(sin2t+cos2t)2−2sin2tcos2t=1−21sin22t.
So
J=22∫0π/41−21sin22tcos2tdt.
Now let
u=sin2t⇒du=2cos2tdt.
When t=0, u=0; when t=π/4, u=1.
Therefore,
J=42∫011−21u2du.
Evaluate the standard integral:
∫1−a2u2du=a1sin−1(au)+C.
Here,
1−21u2=1−(2u)2.
So
∫011−21u2du=2sin−1(2u)01.
Thus
=2[sin−1(21)−0]=2⋅4π.