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Definite Integration question

2007 · Shift 0 · Q48
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Definite Integration question

2007 · Shift 0 · Q48

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationMCQ+4 / −1
The solution for xxx of the equation ∫2xdttt2−1=π2\int\limits_{\sqrt 2 }^x {{{dt} \over {t\sqrt {{t^2} - 1} }} = {\pi \over 2}}2​∫x​tt2−1​dt​=2π​ is
  1. A
    32{{\sqrt 3 } \over 2}23​​
  2. B
    222\sqrt 222​
  3. C
    222
  4. D
    None
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. We need to solve ∫2xdttt2−1=π2.\int_{\sqrt 2}^{x} \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}}=\frac{\pi}{2}.∫2​x​tt2−1​dt​=2π​.

  2. Recall the standard integral: ∫dttt2−1=sec⁡−1t+C\int \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}}=\sec^{-1} t + C∫tt2−1​dt​=sec−1t+C for t>1t>1t>1.

Since the lower limit is 2>1\sqrt{2}>12​>1, this formula is valid on the interval of interest.

  1. Apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: ∫2xdttt2−1=sec⁡−1x−sec⁡−1(2).\int_{\sqrt 2}^{x} \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}} = \sec^{-1} x - \sec^{-1}(\sqrt 2).∫2​x​tt2−1​dt​=sec−1x−sec−1(2​).

So the equation becomes sec⁡−1x−sec⁡−1(2)=π2.\sec^{-1} x - \sec^{-1}(\sqrt 2)=\frac{\pi}{2}.sec−1x−sec−1(2​)=2π​.

  1. Now evaluate sec⁡−1(2)=π4\sec^{-1}(\sqrt 2)=\frac{\pi}{4}sec−1(2​)=4π​ because sec⁡(π4)=2.\sec\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt 2.sec(4π​)=2​.

Hence, sec⁡−1x−π4=π2.\sec^{-1} x - \frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{2}.sec−1x−4π​=2π​. So, sec⁡−1x=3π4.\sec^{-1} x = \frac{3\pi}{4}.sec−1x=43π​.

  1. But for the principal value of sec⁡−1x\sec^{-1}xsec−1x, the range is usually taken as [0,π]∖{π2}.[0,\pi]\setminus \left\{\frac{\pi}{2}\right\}.[0,π]∖{2π​}. Then x=sec⁡(3π4)=1cos⁡(3π/4)=1−22=−2.x=\sec\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)=\frac{1}{\cos(3\pi/4)}=\frac{1}{-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}}=-\sqrt2.x=sec(43π​)=cos(3π/4)1​=−22​​1​=−2​.

However, this is impossible here because the integrand 1tt2−1\frac{1}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}}tt2−1​1​ is real only for ∣t∣≥1|t|\ge 1∣t∣≥1, and also the antiderivative used from 2\sqrt22​ to xxx along the real interval requires staying in the real domain. Moving from 2\sqrt22​ to −2-\sqrt2−2​ would cross the interval (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1) where t2−1\sqrt{t^2-1}t2−1​ is not real, so this cannot be a valid real definite integral.

  1. A better way is to use the trigonometric substitution directly. Let t=sec⁡θ,dt=sec⁡θtan⁡θ dθ,t2−1=tan⁡θ.t=\sec\theta, \qquad dt=\sec\theta\tan\theta\,d\theta, \qquad \sqrt{t^2-1}=\tan\theta.t=secθ,dt=secθtanθdθ,t2−1​=tanθ. Then dttt2−1=sec⁡θtan⁡θ dθsec⁡θtan⁡θ=dθ.\frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}} = \frac{\sec\theta\tan\theta\,d\theta}{\sec\theta\tan\theta}=d\theta.tt2−1​dt​=secθtanθsecθtanθdθ​=dθ.

Thus, ∫2xdttt2−1=θx−θ2.\int_{\sqrt2}^{x} \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}} = \theta_x-\theta_{\sqrt2}.∫2​x​tt2−1​dt​=θx​−θ2​​.

For t=2t=\sqrt2t=2​, sec⁡θ2=2  ⟹  θ2=π4.\sec\theta_{\sqrt2}=\sqrt2 \implies \theta_{\sqrt2}=\frac{\pi}{4}.secθ2​​=2​⟹θ2​​=4π​.

So,

\implies \theta_x=\frac{3\pi}{4}.$$ But $t=\sec\theta$ with real $t>1$ corresponds to $\theta\in[0,\pi/2)$, not $3\pi/4$. Hence there is no real $x>1$ satisfying the equation. Also, if $x< -1$, the definite integral from $\sqrt2$ to $x$ is not real over the whole interval because the integrand is undefined for $|t|<1$. 7. Therefore, there is **no real solution** among the given numerical options. Now check the options: - A: $\frac{\sqrt3}{2}<1$, integrand/domain invalid. - B: $2\sqrt2>1$. Then $$\int_{\sqrt2}^{2\sqrt2} \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}}=\sec^{-1}(2\sqrt2)-\frac{\pi}{4}<\frac{\pi}{2},$$ so not correct. - C: $2>1$. Then $$\int_{\sqrt2}^{2} \frac{dt}{t\sqrt{t^2-1}}=\sec^{-1}(2)-\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{12},$$ not correct. - D: None. Therefore the correct option is **D**.
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