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Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q27
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  5. /2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q27

Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q27

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+4 / −1
The curve y(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+5y(x)=a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+5y(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+5 touches the xxx-axis at the point P(−2,0)\mathrm{P}(-2,0)P(−2,0) and cuts the yyy-axis at the point QQQ, where y′y^{\prime}y′ is equal to 3 . Then the local maximum value of y(x)y(x)y(x) is:
  1. A
    274\frac{27}{4}427​
  2. B
    294\frac{29}{4}429​
  3. C
    374\frac{37}{4}437​
  4. D
    92\frac{9}{2}29​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Since the curve y(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+5y(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+5y(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+5 touches the xxx-axis at P(−2,0)P(-2,0)P(−2,0), we have:
  • y(−2)=0y(-2)=0y(−2)=0
  • y′(−2)=0y'(-2)=0y′(−2)=0 (because touching the xxx-axis means the tangent there is horizontal)

Also, it cuts the yyy-axis at QQQ, where y′=3y'=3y′=3. Since the yyy-axis corresponds to x=0x=0x=0, this gives: y′(0)=3y'(0)=3y′(0)=3


  1. Compute the derivative: y′(x)=3ax2+2bx+cy'(x)=3ax^2+2bx+cy′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c

From y′(0)=3y'(0)=3y′(0)=3, we get: c=3c=3c=3


  1. Use y(−2)=0y(-2)=0y(−2)=0: a(−2)3+b(−2)2+c(−2)+5=0a(-2)^3+b(-2)^2+c(-2)+5=0a(−2)3+b(−2)2+c(−2)+5=0 −8a+4b−2c+5=0-8a+4b-2c+5=0−8a+4b−2c+5=0 Substitute c=3c=3c=3: −8a+4b−6+5=0-8a+4b-6+5=0−8a+4b−6+5=0 −8a+4b−1=0-8a+4b-1=0−8a+4b−1=0 4b−8a=1(1)4b-8a=1 \quad (1)4b−8a=1(1)

  1. Use y′(−2)=0y'(-2)=0y′(−2)=0: 3a(−2)2+2b(−2)+c=03a(-2)^2+2b(-2)+c=03a(−2)2+2b(−2)+c=0 12a−4b+c=012a-4b+c=012a−4b+c=0 Substitute c=3c=3c=3: 12a−4b+3=012a-4b+3=012a−4b+3=0 12a−4b=−3(2)12a-4b=-3 \quad (2)12a−4b=−3(2)

  1. Solve equations (1) and (2): (1)  4b−8a=1(1)\; 4b-8a=1(1)4b−8a=1 (2)  12a−4b=−3(2)\; 12a-4b=-3(2)12a−4b=−3

Add them: 4a=−24a=-24a=−2 a=−12a=-\frac12a=−21​

Now from (1): 4b−8(−12)=14b-8\left(-\frac12\right)=14b−8(−21​)=1 4b+4=14b+4=14b+4=1 4b=−34b=-34b=−3 b=−34b=-\frac34b=−43​

Thus, a=−12,b=−34,c=3a=-\frac12,\quad b=-\frac34,\quad c=3a=−21​,b=−43​,c=3

So, y(x)=−12x3−34x2+3x+5y(x)=-\frac12x^3-\frac34x^2+3x+5y(x)=−21​x3−43​x2+3x+5


  1. Find critical points: y′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c=−32x2−32x+3y'(x)=3ax^2+2bx+c=-\frac32x^2-\frac32x+3y′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c=−23​x2−23​x+3 Factor: y′(x)=−32(x2+x−2)y'(x)=-\frac32(x^2+x-2)y′(x)=−23​(x2+x−2) y′(x)=−32(x+2)(x−1)y'(x)=-\frac32(x+2)(x-1)y′(x)=−23​(x+2)(x−1)

Hence critical points are: x=−2,  1x=-2,\;1x=−2,1


  1. Determine which is the local maximum using second derivative: y′′(x)=6ax+2b=−3x−32y''(x)=6ax+2b=-3x-\frac32y′′(x)=6ax+2b=−3x−23​

At x=−2x=-2x=−2: y′′(−2)=6−32=92>0y''(-2)=6-\frac32=\frac92>0y′′(−2)=6−23​=29​>0 So x=−2x=-2x=−2 is a local minimum.

At x=1x=1x=1: y′′(1)=−3−32=−92<0y''(1)=-3-\frac32=-\frac92<0y′′(1)=−3−23​=−29​<0 So x=1x=1x=1 is a local maximum.


  1. Compute the local maximum value: y(1)=−12−34+3+5y(1)=-\frac12-\frac34+3+5y(1)=−21​−43​+3+5 =8−12−34=8-\frac12-\frac34=8−21​−43​ =8−54=8-\frac54=8−45​ =32−54=274=\frac{32-5}{4}=\frac{27}{4}=432−5​=427​

  1. Compare with options: 274\frac{27}{4}427​ is option A.

So the local maximum value is: 274\boxed{\frac{27}{4}}427​​

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