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Thermodynamics question

2022 · 26 Jun · Shift 2 · Q18
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Thermodynamics question

2022 · 26 Jun · Shift 2 · Q18

JEE MainChemistryThermodynamicsNumerical+4 / −1
A fish swimming in water body when taken out from the water body is covered with a film of water of weight 36 g. When it is subjected to cooking at 100 ∘^\circ∘ C, then the internal energy for vaporization in kJ mol −-− 1 is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​. [nearest integer] [Assume steam to be an ideal gas. Given Δ\DeltaΔ vapH Θ^\ThetaΘ for water at 373 K and 1 bar is 41.1 kJ mol −-− 1 ; R = 8.31 J K −-− 1 mol −-− 1]
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 38

  1. Given data
  • Mass of water film =36 g= 36\,\text{g}=36g
  • Molar mass of water =18 g mol−1= 18\,\text{g mol}^{-1}=18g mol−1
  • Therefore moles of water: n=3618=2 moln = \frac{36}{18} = 2\,\text{mol}n=1836​=2mol
  • Enthalpy of vaporization of water at 373 K373\,\text{K}373K and 1 bar1\,\text{bar}1bar: ΔHvapΘ=41.1 kJ mol−1\Delta H_{\text{vap}}^\Theta = 41.1\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}ΔHvapΘ​=41.1kJ mol−1
  • Gas constant: R=8.31 J K−1mol−1R = 8.31\,\text{J K}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}R=8.31J K−1mol−1
  • Temperature: T=373 KT = 373\,\text{K}T=373K
  1. Relation between enthalpy and internal energy

For vaporization, ΔH=ΔU+ΔngRT\Delta H = \Delta U + \Delta n_g RTΔH=ΔU+Δng​RT

Here, liquid water changes to steam. For 1 mol of water:

  • Initial gaseous moles =0=0=0
  • Final gaseous moles =1=1=1

So, Δng=1\Delta n_g = 1Δng​=1

Hence, ΔUvap=ΔHvap−RT\Delta U_{\text{vap}} = \Delta H_{\text{vap}} - RTΔUvap​=ΔHvap​−RT

  1. Calculate RTRTRT

RT=8.31×373 J mol−1RT = 8.31 \times 373\,\text{J mol}^{-1}RT=8.31×373J mol−1 RT=3099.63 J mol−1=3.10 kJ mol−1RT = 3099.63\,\text{J mol}^{-1} = 3.10\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}RT=3099.63J mol−1=3.10kJ mol−1

  1. Calculate internal energy of vaporization

ΔUvap=41.1−3.10=38.0 kJ mol−1\Delta U_{\text{vap}} = 41.1 - 3.10 = 38.0\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}ΔUvap​=41.1−3.10=38.0kJ mol−1

  1. Nearest integer

38\boxed{38}38​

  1. Note on the 36 g water film

Since the question asks for internal energy for vaporization in kJ mol−1^{-1}−1, the answer is on a per mole basis. The 36 g corresponds to 222 mol, but the molar value remains the same.

Thus the required integer is 38.

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