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Units and Measurements question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q37
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Units and Measurements question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q37

JEE AdvancedPhysicsUnits and MeasurementsMultiple correct+3 / −1
A length-scale (l) depends on the permittivity (ε\varepsilonε) of a dielectric material, Boltzmann constant (kB), the absolute temperature (T), the number per unit volume (n) of certain charged particles, and the charge (q) carried by each of the particles. Which of the following expression(s) for I is(are) dimensionally correct?
  1. A
    l=(nq2εkbT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{n{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {k_b}T}}} \right)}l=(εkb​Tnq2​)​
  2. B
    l=(εkbTnq2)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{\varepsilon {k_b}T} \over {n{q^2}}}} \right)}l=(nq2εkb​T​)​
  3. C
    l=(q2εn2/3kBT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{2/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right)}l=(εn2/3kB​Tq2​)​
  4. D
    l=(q2εn1/3kBT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{1/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right)}l=(εn1/3kB​Tq2​)​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, D

The user wants me to solve a physics problem from the topic of Units and Measurements. The question asks to identify the dimensionally correct expression(s) for a length scale l. This length scale l depends on:

  1. Permittivity of a dielectric material, ε.
  2. Boltzmann constant, kB.
  3. Absolute temperature, T.
  4. Number per unit volume of charged particles, n.
  5. Charge of each particle, q.

The problem is of type MCQM (Multiple Correct Questions). I need to check the dimensional correctness of each of the four given options.

Step 1: Find the dimensions of all the given physical quantities.

  • Length scale (l): The dimension of length is [L]. So, [l] = [L].

  • Permittivity (ε): From Coulomb's law, the force F between two charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance r is given by F=(1/(4πε))∗(q1∗q2/r2)F = (1 / (4πε)) * (q1 * q2 / r^2)F=(1/(4πε))∗(q1∗q2/r2). So, ε=(1/(4πF))∗(q1∗q2/r2)ε = (1 / (4πF)) * (q1 * q2 / r^2)ε=(1/(4πF))∗(q1∗q2/r2). Dimensions: [F]=[MLT−2][F] = [M L T^-2][F]=[MLT−2] [q] = [A T] (since current I = q/t) [r] = [L] [ε]=[q]2/([F]∗[r]2)=[A2T2]/([MLT−2]∗[L2])=[M−1L−3T4A2][ε] = [q]^2 / ([F] * [r]^2) = [A^2 T^2] / ([M L T^-2] * [L^2]) = [M^-1 L^-3 T^4 A^2][ε]=[q]2/([F]∗[r]2)=[A2T2]/([MLT−2]∗[L2])=[M−1L−3T4A2].

  • Boltzmann constant (kB): The kinetic energy of a gas molecule is related to temperature by E = (3/2) * kB * T. So, kB = E / T. Dimensions: [E] (Energy) = [ML2T−2][M L^2 T^-2][ML2T−2] [T] (Temperature) = [K] (using K for Kelvin) [kB]=[E]/[T]=[ML2T−2K−1][kB] = [E] / [T] = [M L^2 T^-2 K^-1][kB]=[E]/[T]=[ML2T−2K−1].

  • Absolute temperature (T): Dimension of temperature is [K]. So, [T] = [K].

  • Number per unit volume (n): n = Number / Volume. Number is dimensionless. Volume has dimension [L3][L^3][L3]. So, [n]=1/[L3]=[L−3][n] = 1 / [L^3] = [L^-3][n]=1/[L3]=[L−3].

  • Charge (q): Dimension of charge is [A T]. So, [q] = [A T].

Summary of dimensions: [l] = [L] [ε]=[M−1L−3T4A2][ε] = [M^-1 L^-3 T^4 A^2][ε]=[M−1L−3T4A2] [kB]=[ML2T−2K−1][kB] = [M L^2 T^-2 K^-1][kB]=[ML2T−2K−1] [T] = [K] [n]=[L−3][n] = [L^-3][n]=[L−3] [q] = [A T]

Step 2: Check the dimensions of each option.

The left-hand side (LHS) for all options is l, so [LHS] = [L]. We need to find the dimensions of the right-hand side (RHS) for each option and see if it equals [L].

Option A: l=(nq2εkbT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{n{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {k_b}T}}} \right)}l=(εkb​Tnq2​)​ Dimensions of the expression inside the square root: [nq2εkBT]=[L−3][AT]2[M−1L−3T4A2][ML2T−2K−1][K]=[L−3A2T2][M0L−1T2A2K0]=[L−2]\left[ {{{n{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {k_B}T}}} \right] = {{[L^{-3}][A T]^2} \over {[M^{-1} L^{-3} T^4 A^2][M L^2 T^{-2} K^{-1}][K]}} = {{[L^{-3} A^2 T^2]} \over {[M^0 L^{-1} T^2 A^2 K^0]}} = [L^{-2}][εkB​Tnq2​]=[M−1L−3T4A2][ML2T−2K−1][K][L−3][AT]2​=[M0L−1T2A2K0][L−3A2T2]​=[L−2] So, the dimension of the RHS is [L−2]=[L−1]\sqrt{[L^{-2}]} = [L^{-1}][L−2]​=[L−1]. Since [LHS] = [L] and [RHS]=[L−1][RHS] = [L^{-1}][RHS]=[L−1], this option is dimensionally incorrect.

Option B: l=(εkbTnq2)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{\varepsilon {k_b}T} \over {n{q^2}}}} \right)}l=(nq2εkb​T​)​ This is the reciprocal of the expression inside the square root of option A. Dimensions of the expression inside the square root: [εkBTnq2]=1[L−2]=[L2]\left[ {{{\varepsilon {k_B}T} \over {n{q^2}}}} \right] = {1 \over {[L^{-2}]}} = [L^2][nq2εkB​T​]=[L−2]1​=[L2] So, the dimension of the RHS is [L2]=[L]\sqrt{[L^2]} = [L][L2]​=[L]. Since [LHS] = [L] and [RHS] = [L], this option is dimensionally correct.

Option C: l=(q2εn2/3kBT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{2/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right)}l=(εn2/3kB​Tq2​)​ Dimensions of the expression inside the square root: First, [n2/3]=([L−3])2/3=[L−2][n^{2/3}] = ([L^{-3}])^{2/3} = [L^{-2}][n2/3]=([L−3])2/3=[L−2]. [q2εn2/3kBT]=[AT]2[M−1L−3T4A2][L−2][ML2T−2K−1][K]=[A2T2][M0L−3T2A2K0]=[L3]\left[ {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{2/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right] = {{[A T]^2} \over {[M^{-1} L^{-3} T^4 A^2][L^{-2}][M L^2 T^{-2} K^{-1}][K]}} = {{[A^2 T^2]} \over {[M^0 L^{-3} T^2 A^2 K^0]}} = [L^3][εn2/3kB​Tq2​]=[M−1L−3T4A2][L−2][ML2T−2K−1][K][AT]2​=[M0L−3T2A2K0][A2T2]​=[L3] So, the dimension of the RHS is [L3]=[L3/2]\sqrt{[L^3]} = [L^{3/2}][L3]​=[L3/2]. Since [LHS] = [L] and [RHS]=[L3/2][RHS] = [L^{3/2}][RHS]=[L3/2], this option is dimensionally incorrect.

Option D: l=(q2εn1/3kBT)l = \sqrt {\left( {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{1/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right)}l=(εn1/3kB​Tq2​)​ Dimensions of the expression inside the square root: First, [n1/3]=([L−3])1/3=[L−1][n^{1/3}] = ([L^{-3}])^{1/3} = [L^{-1}][n1/3]=([L−3])1/3=[L−1]. [q2εn1/3kBT]=[AT]2[M−1L−3T4A2][L−1][ML2T−2K−1][K]=[A2T2][M0L−2T2A2K0]=[L2]\left[ {{{{q^2}} \over {\varepsilon {n^{1/3}}{k_B}T}}} \right] = {{[A T]^2} \over {[M^{-1} L^{-3} T^4 A^2][L^{-1}][M L^2 T^{-2} K^{-1}][K]}} = {{[A^2 T^2]} \over {[M^0 L^{-2} T^2 A^2 K^0]}} = [L^2][εn1/3kB​Tq2​]=[M−1L−3T4A2][L−1][ML2T−2K−1][K][AT]2​=[M0L−2T2A2K0][A2T2]​=[L2] So, the dimension of the RHS is [L2]=[L]\sqrt{[L^2]} = [L][L2]​=[L]. Since [LHS] = [L] and [RHS] = [L], this option is dimensionally correct.

Conclusion Based on the dimensional analysis, options B and D are dimensionally correct expressions for length.

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