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Units and Measurements question

2012 · Shift 1 · Q45
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Units and Measurements question

2012 · Shift 1 · Q45

JEE AdvancedPhysicsUnits and MeasurementsMCQ+4 / −1
In the determination of Young's modulus (Y=4MLgπld2)\left( {Y = {{4MLg} \over {\pi l{d^2}}}} \right)(Y=πld24MLg​) by using Searle's method, a wire of length L = 2 m and diameter d = 0.5 mm is used. For a load M = 2.5 kg, an extension l = 0.25 mm in the length of the wire is observed. Quantities d and l are measured using a screw gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number of divisions on their circular scale is 100. The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y measurement
  1. A
    due to the errors in the measurements of d and l are the same.
  2. B
    due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that due to the error in the measurement of l.
  3. C
    due to the error in the measurement of l is twice that due to the error in the measurement of d.
  4. D
    due to the error in the measurement of d is four times that due to the error in the measurement of l.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Identify the given formula and variables: The formula for Young's modulus (Y) is given as: Y=4MLgπld2Y = {{4MLg} \over {\pi l{d^2}}}Y=πld24MLg​ The given measured values are:

    • Length of the wire, L=2L = 2L=2 m
    • Diameter of the wire, d=0.5d = 0.5d=0.5 mm
    • Mass, M=2.5M = 2.5M=2.5 kg
    • Extension in length, l=0.25l = 0.25l=0.25 mm
  2. Determine the formula for maximum probable error: The maximum probable relative error in the measurement of Y can be found by taking the logarithm and differentiating the formula, or by using the standard formula for propagation of errors. Assuming M, L, and g are measured with high precision or are constants for this problem, the error in Y primarily depends on the errors in measuring lll and ddd. The relative error in Y is given by: ΔYY=Δll+2Δdd{\Delta Y \over Y} = {\Delta l \over l} + 2{{\Delta d} \over d}YΔY​=lΔl​+2dΔd​ The terms on the right side represent the contributions to the total relative error from the measurements of lll and ddd respectively.

    • Contribution due to error in lll: El=ΔllE_l = {\Delta l \over l}El​=lΔl​
    • Contribution due to error in ddd: Ed=2ΔddE_d = 2{{\Delta d} \over d}Ed​=2dΔd​
  3. Calculate the least count of the measuring instruments: Both diameter (ddd) and extension (lll) are measured using instruments (a screw gauge and a micrometer) with the same specifications:

    • Pitch = 0.5 mm
    • Number of divisions on the circular scale = 100 The least count (LC) of these instruments is: LC=PitchNumber of divisions=0.5 mm100=0.005 mmLC = {{\text{Pitch}} \over {\text{Number of divisions}}} = {{0.5 \text{ mm}} \over {100}} = 0.005 \text{ mm}LC=Number of divisionsPitch​=1000.5 mm​=0.005 mm The least count represents the maximum possible error (or uncertainty) in a single measurement. Therefore, we take:
    • Error in measuring lll, Δl=LC=0.005\Delta l = LC = 0.005Δl=LC=0.005 mm
    • Error in measuring ddd, Δd=LC=0.005\Delta d = LC = 0.005Δd=LC=0.005 mm
  4. Calculate the contributions to the error from lll and ddd: Now, we can calculate the numerical values of the contributions ElE_lEl​ and EdE_dEd​.

    • Contribution from extension (lll): El=Δll=0.005 mm0.25 mm=5×10−325×10−2=5250=150=0.02E_l = {\Delta l \over l} = {{0.005 \text{ mm}} \over {0.25 \text{ mm}}} = {{5 \times 10^{-3}} \over {25 \times 10^{-2}}} = {5 \over 250} = {1 \over 50} = 0.02El​=lΔl​=0.25 mm0.005 mm​=25×10−25×10−3​=2505​=501​=0.02

    • Contribution from diameter (ddd): Ed=2Δdd=2×0.005 mm0.5 mm=2×5×10−35×10−1=2×1100=2100=150=0.02E_d = 2{{\Delta d} \over d} = 2 \times {{0.005 \text{ mm}} \over {0.5 \text{ mm}}} = 2 \times {{5 \times 10^{-3}} \over {5 \times 10^{-1}}} = 2 \times {1 \over 100} = {2 \over 100} = {1 \over 50} = 0.02Ed​=2dΔd​=2×0.5 mm0.005 mm​=2×5×10−15×10−3​=2×1001​=1002​=501​=0.02

  5. Compare the contributions: We find that El=0.02E_l = 0.02El​=0.02 and Ed=0.02E_d = 0.02Ed​=0.02. Therefore: El=EdE_l = E_dEl​=Ed​ The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y measurement due to the errors in the measurements of ddd and lll are the same.

  6. Conclusion: Based on the calculation, the correct option is A.

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