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Atoms and Nuclei question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q53
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q53

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMCQ+3 / −1
The largest wavelength in the ultraviolet region of the hydrogen spectrum is 122 nm. The smallest wavelength in the infrared region of the hydrogen spectrum (to the nearest integer) is
  1. A
    802 nm
  2. B
    823 nm
  3. C
    1882 nm
  4. D
    1648 nm
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Analyze the given information about the ultraviolet (UV) region.

    • The emission spectrum of hydrogen in the ultraviolet region corresponds to the Lyman series, where the electron transitions to the final state nf=1n_f = 1nf​=1.
    • The wavelength of the emitted photon is given by the Rydberg formula: 1λ=RH(1nf2−1ni2)\frac{1}{\lambda} = R_H \left( \frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} \right)λ1​=RH​(nf2​1​−ni2​1​) where RHR_HRH​ is the Rydberg constant.
    • The largest wavelength ("λmax""\lambda_{max}""λmax​") corresponds to the smallest energy transition. For the Lyman series, this occurs for the transition from the lowest possible initial state, ni=2n_i = 2ni​=2, to the final state nf=1n_f = 1nf​=1.
    • We are given that the largest wavelength in the UV region is 122 nm. So, for the transition from n=2n=2n=2 to n=1n=1n=1: 1122 nm=RH(112−122)=RH(1−14)=34RH⋯(1)\frac{1}{122 \text{ nm}} = R_H \left( \frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2} \right) = R_H \left( 1 - \frac{1}{4} \right) = \frac{3}{4} R_H \quad \cdots (1)122 nm1​=RH​(121​−221​)=RH​(1−41​)=43​RH​⋯(1)
  2. Analyze the question about the infrared (IR) region.

    • The emission spectra in the infrared region correspond to the Paschen series (nf=3n_f = 3nf​=3), Brackett series (nf=4n_f = 4nf​=4), Pfund series (nf=5n_f = 5nf​=5), and so on.
    • We need to find the smallest wavelength ("λmin""\lambda_{min}""λmin​") in the entire infrared region. This corresponds to the highest possible energy transition in the IR region.
    • The energy of a transition to a final state nfn_fnf​ is maximized when the electron comes from ni=∞n_i = \inftyni​=∞. This is known as the series limit. The energy of such a transition is ΔE=E0nf2\Delta E = \frac{E_0}{n_f^2}ΔE=nf2​E0​​.
    • To get the highest energy transition in the entire IR region, we must choose the smallest possible value of nfn_fnf​ for an IR series, which is nf=3n_f = 3nf​=3 (the Paschen series).
    • Therefore, the smallest wavelength in the IR region corresponds to the transition from ni=∞n_i = \inftyni​=∞ to nf=3n_f = 3nf​=3.
    • Let this wavelength be λmin,IR\lambda_{min, IR}λmin,IR​. Using the Rydberg formula: 1λmin,IR=RH(132−1∞2)=RH(19−0)=19RH⋯(2)\frac{1}{\lambda_{min, IR}} = R_H \left( \frac{1}{3^2} - \frac{1}{\infty^2} \right) = R_H \left( \frac{1}{9} - 0 \right) = \frac{1}{9} R_H \quad \cdots (2)λmin,IR​1​=RH​(321​−∞21​)=RH​(91​−0)=91​RH​⋯(2)
  3. Calculate the unknown wavelength.

    • We can find λmin,IR\lambda_{min, IR}λmin,IR​ by taking the ratio of equation (1) and equation (2) to eliminate the Rydberg constant RHR_HRH​.
    • Divide equation (2) by equation (1): 1/λmin,IR1/122=RH/93RH/4\frac{1/\lambda_{min, IR}}{1/122} = \frac{R_H/9}{3R_H/4}1/1221/λmin,IR​​=3RH​/4RH​/9​ 122λmin,IR=19×43=427\frac{122}{\lambda_{min, IR}} = \frac{1}{9} \times \frac{4}{3} = \frac{4}{27}λmin,IR​122​=91​×34​=274​
    • Now, solve for λmin,IR\lambda_{min, IR}λmin,IR​: λmin,IR=122×274\lambda_{min, IR} = 122 \times \frac{27}{4}λmin,IR​=122×427​ λmin,IR=30.5×27=823.5 nm\lambda_{min, IR} = 30.5 \times 27 = 823.5 \text{ nm}λmin,IR​=30.5×27=823.5 nm
  4. Select the nearest integer option.

    • The calculated wavelength is 823.5 nm.
    • The question asks for the answer to the nearest integer. The options are 802 nm, 823 nm, 1882 nm, and 1648 nm.
    • The value 823.5 nm is closest to 823 nm among the given options. The slight difference is likely due to the problem statement using a rounded value of 122 nm for the Lyman-alpha line (its actual value is closer to 121.5 nm).

Therefore, the smallest wavelength in the infrared region of the hydrogen spectrum is approximately 823 nm.

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