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Vector Algebra question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q27
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  5. /2019 · Shift 2 · Q27

Vector Algebra question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q27

JEE AdvancedMathematicsVector AlgebraNumerical+3 / −1
Let a→=2i^+j^−k^\overrightarrow a = 2\widehat i + \widehat j - \widehat ka=2i+j​−k and b→=i^+2j^+k^\overrightarrow b = \widehat i + 2\widehat j + \widehat kb=i+2j​+k be two vectors. Consider a vector c =αa→\alpha \overrightarrow aαa+βb→\beta \overrightarrow bβb, α\alphaα, β∈\beta \inβ∈ R. If the projection of c→\overrightarrow cc on the vector (a→\overrightarrow aa+b→\overrightarrow bb) is 323\sqrt 232​, then the minimum value of (c→−\overrightarrow c-c−(a→×b→\overrightarrow a \times \overrightarrow ba×b)). c→\overrightarrow cc equals ................
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 18

  1. Given vectors a⃗=2i^+j^−k^=(2,1,−1),b⃗=i^+2j^+k^=(1,2,1).\vec a = 2\hat i + \hat j - \hat k = (2,1,-1), \qquad \vec b = \hat i + 2\hat j + \hat k = (1,2,1).a=2i^+j^​−k^=(2,1,−1),b=i^+2j^​+k^=(1,2,1).

  2. Form of c⃗\vec cc c⃗=αa⃗+βb⃗.\vec c = \alpha \vec a + \beta \vec b.c=αa+βb. Since c⃗\vec cc is a linear combination of a⃗,b⃗\vec a,\vec ba,b, it lies in the plane spanned by a⃗,b⃗\vec a,\vec ba,b.

  3. Condition on projection of c⃗\vec cc on (a⃗+b⃗)(\vec a+\vec b)(a+b)

    First compute: a⃗+b⃗=(3,3,0).\vec a + \vec b = (3,3,0).a+b=(3,3,0). Its magnitude is ∣a⃗+b⃗∣=32+32=32.|\vec a+\vec b| = \sqrt{3^2+3^2} = 3\sqrt2.∣a+b∣=32+32​=32​.

    The scalar projection of c⃗\vec cc on (a⃗+b⃗)(\vec a+\vec b)(a+b) is given as 323\sqrt232​: c⃗⋅(a⃗+b⃗)∣a⃗+b⃗∣=32.\frac{\vec c\cdot (\vec a+\vec b)}{|\vec a+\vec b|} = 3\sqrt2.∣a+b∣c⋅(a+b)​=32​. Since ∣a⃗+b⃗∣=32|\vec a+\vec b|=3\sqrt2∣a+b∣=32​, we get c⃗⋅(a⃗+b⃗)=(32)(32)=18.\vec c\cdot (\vec a+\vec b) = (3\sqrt2)(3\sqrt2)=18.c⋅(a+b)=(32​)(32​)=18.

  4. Expression to minimize We need minimum of (c⃗−(a⃗×b⃗))⋅c⃗.(\vec c-(\vec a\times \vec b))\cdot \vec c.(c−(a×b))⋅c. Expand: (c⃗−(a⃗×b⃗))⋅c⃗=c⃗⋅c⃗−(a⃗×b⃗)⋅c⃗. (\vec c-(\vec a\times \vec b))\cdot \vec c = \vec c\cdot \vec c - (\vec a\times \vec b)\cdot \vec c.(c−(a×b))⋅c=c⋅c−(a×b)⋅c.

    But a⃗×b⃗\vec a\times \vec ba×b is perpendicular to both a⃗\vec aa and b⃗\vec bb, hence perpendicular to every linear combination of them, including c⃗\vec cc. Therefore, (a⃗×b⃗)⋅c⃗=0. (\vec a\times \vec b)\cdot \vec c = 0.(a×b)⋅c=0. So the required quantity reduces to c⃗⋅c⃗=∣c⃗∣2.\vec c\cdot \vec c = |\vec c|^2.c⋅c=∣c∣2.

    Thus we must minimize ∣c⃗∣2|\vec c|^2∣c∣2 subject to c⃗⋅(a⃗+b⃗)=18.\vec c\cdot (\vec a+\vec b)=18.c⋅(a+b)=18.

  5. Minimum of ∣c⃗∣2|\vec c|^2∣c∣2 under the projection constraint

    Among all vectors with fixed dot product with a given vector d⃗\vec dd, the minimum magnitude occurs when the vector is parallel to d⃗\vec dd.

    Here d⃗=a⃗+b⃗=(3,3,0)\vec d=\vec a+\vec b=(3,3,0)d=a+b=(3,3,0), and this vector itself lies in the span of a⃗,b⃗\vec a,\vec ba,b, so it is an allowed choice.

    Let c⃗=λ(a⃗+b⃗).\vec c = \lambda (\vec a+\vec b).c=λ(a+b). Then c⃗⋅(a⃗+b⃗)=λ∣a⃗+b⃗∣2=λ⋅18.\vec c\cdot (\vec a+\vec b)=\lambda |\vec a+\vec b|^2 = \lambda \cdot 18.c⋅(a+b)=λ∣a+b∣2=λ⋅18. Given this equals 181818, we get λ=1.\lambda=1.λ=1. Hence the minimizing vector is c⃗=a⃗+b⃗.\vec c = \vec a+\vec b.c=a+b.

  6. Minimum value Therefore, ∣c⃗∣2=∣a⃗+b⃗∣2=18.|\vec c|^2 = |\vec a+\vec b|^2 = 18.∣c∣2=∣a+b∣2=18.

So the minimum value of (c⃗−(a⃗×b⃗))⋅c⃗(\vec c-(\vec a\times \vec b))\cdot \vec c(c−(a×b))⋅c is 18.\boxed{18}.18​.

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