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Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2018 · Shift 2 · Q29
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  5. /2018 · Shift 2 · Q29

Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2018 · Shift 2 · Q29

JEE AdvancedMathematicsTrigonometric Functions and EquationsNumerical+3 / −1
Let f : R →\to→ R be a differentiable function with f(0) = 1 and satisfying the equation f(x + y) = f(x) f'(y) + f'(x) f(y) for all x, y ∈\in∈ R. Then, the value of loge(f(4)) is ...........
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

  1. We are given f(x+y)=f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y) for all x,y∈R,f(x+y)=f(x)f'(y)+f'(x)f(y)\,\text{for all }x,y\in\mathbb R,f(x+y)=f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y)for all x,y∈R, with f(0)=1.f(0)=1.f(0)=1. We need to find log⁡e(f(4))\log_e(f(4))loge​(f(4)).

  2. Use special values of x,yx,yx,y to derive a differential equation.

Take x=0x=0x=0: f(y)=f(0)f′(y)+f′(0)f(y).f(y)=f(0)f'(y)+f'(0)f(y).f(y)=f(0)f′(y)+f′(0)f(y). Since f(0)=1f(0)=1f(0)=1, this becomes f(y)=f′(y)+f′(0)f(y).f(y)=f'(y)+f'(0)f(y).f(y)=f′(y)+f′(0)f(y). Hence, f′(y)=(1−f′(0))f(y).f'(y)=(1-f'(0))f(y).f′(y)=(1−f′(0))f(y). So fff satisfies a first-order linear differential equation of the form f′(x)=cf(x),f'(x)=cf(x),f′(x)=cf(x), where c=1−f′(0).c=1-f'(0).c=1−f′(0).

  1. Now determine ccc using the given functional equation.

Set x=0x=0x=0 and y=0y=0y=0 in the original equation: f(0)=f(0)f′(0)+f′(0)f(0).f(0)=f(0)f'(0)+f'(0)f(0).f(0)=f(0)f′(0)+f′(0)f(0). Since f(0)=1f(0)=1f(0)=1, 1=1⋅f′(0)+f′(0)⋅1=2f′(0).1=1\cdot f'(0)+f'(0)\cdot 1=2f'(0).1=1⋅f′(0)+f′(0)⋅1=2f′(0). Thus, f′(0)=12.f'(0)=\frac12.f′(0)=21​. Therefore, c=1−12=12.c=1-\frac12=\frac12.c=1−21​=21​. So f′(x)=12f(x).f'(x)=\frac12 f(x).f′(x)=21​f(x).

  1. Solve this differential equation using f(0)=1f(0)=1f(0)=1.

The solution of f′(x)=12f(x)f'(x)=\frac12 f(x)f′(x)=21​f(x) is f(x)=Aex/2.f(x)=Ae^{x/2}.f(x)=Aex/2. Using f(0)=1f(0)=1f(0)=1 gives A=1.A=1.A=1. Hence, f(x)=ex/2.f(x)=e^{x/2}.f(x)=ex/2.

  1. Verify quickly in the given equation.

We have f′(x)=12ex/2.f'(x)=\frac12 e^{x/2}.f′(x)=21​ex/2. Then f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y)=ex/2⋅12ey/2+12ex/2⋅ey/2=e(x+y)/2=f(x+y).f(x)f'(y)+f'(x)f(y)=e^{x/2}\cdot \frac12 e^{y/2}+\frac12 e^{x/2}\cdot e^{y/2}=e^{(x+y)/2}=f(x+y).f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y)=ex/2⋅21​ey/2+21​ex/2⋅ey/2=e(x+y)/2=f(x+y). So the function is correct.

  1. Compute f(4)f(4)f(4): f(4)=e4/2=e2.f(4)=e^{4/2}=e^2.f(4)=e4/2=e2. Therefore, log⁡e(f(4))=log⁡e(e2)=2.\log_e(f(4))=\log_e(e^2)=2.loge​(f(4))=loge​(e2)=2.

Thus, the required integer is 2.\boxed{2}.2​.

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