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Matrices and Determinants question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q35
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  5. /2016 · Shift 1 · Q35

Matrices and Determinants question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q35

JEE AdvancedMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsNumerical+3 / −1
Let z=−1+3i2z = {{ - 1 + \sqrt 3 i} \over 2}z=2−1+3​i​, where i=−1i = \sqrt { - 1}i=−1​, and r, s ∈\in∈{1, 2, 3}. Let P=[(−z)rz2sz2szr]P = \left[ {\begin{matrix} {{{( - z)}^r}} & {{z^{2s}}} \\ {{z^{2s}}} & {{z^r}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right]P=[(−z)rz2s​z2szr​] and I be the identity matrix of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 =−-− I is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 1

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Analyze the complex number z: The given complex number is z=−1+3i2z = \frac{{ - 1 + \sqrt 3 i}}{2}z=2−1+3​i​. This is a standard complex number, which can be expressed in polar form as cos⁡(2π/3)+isin⁡(2π/3)=ei2π/3\cos(2\pi/3) + i\sin(2\pi/3) = e^{i2\pi/3}cos(2π/3)+isin(2π/3)=ei2π/3. This is one of the complex cube roots of unity, commonly denoted by ω\omegaω. So, z=ωz = \omegaz=ω. The key properties of ω\omegaω are:

    • ω3=1\omega^3 = 1ω3=1
    • 1+ω+ω2=01 + \omega + \omega^2 = 01+ω+ω2=0
  2. Define the matrix P and calculate P²: The matrix P is given by: P=[(−z)rz2sz2szr]P = \left[ {\begin{matrix} {{{( - z)}^r}} & {{z^{2s}}} \\ {{z^{2s}}} & {{z^r}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right]P=[(−z)rz2s​z2szr​] Let's compute P2P^2P2: P2=P⋅P=[(−z)rz2sz2szr][(−z)rz2sz2szr]P^2 = P \cdot P = \left[ {\begin{matrix} {{{( - z)}^r}} & {{z^{2s}}} \\ {{z^{2s}}} & {{z^r}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right] \left[ {\begin{matrix} {{{( - z)}^r}} & {{z^{2s}}} \\ {{z^{2s}}} & {{z^r}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right]P2=P⋅P=[(−z)rz2s​z2szr​][(−z)rz2s​z2szr​] P^2 = \left[ {\begin{matrix} {{{(( - z)}^r)}^2} + {{(z^{2s})}^2}} & {{{( - z)}^r}{z^{2s}} + {z^{2s}}{z^r}} \\ {{z^{2s}}{{( - z)}^r} + {z^r}{z^{2s}}} & {{{(z^{2s})}^2} + {{(z^r)}^2}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right] Simplifying the terms:

    • Top-left and bottom-right elements are equal: ((−z)r)2+(z2s)2=(−1)2rz2r+z4s=z2r+z4s((-z)^r)^2 + (z^{2s})^2 = (-1)^{2r}z^{2r} + z^{4s} = z^{2r} + z^{4s}((−z)r)2+(z2s)2=(−1)2rz2r+z4s=z2r+z4s
    • Off-diagonal elements are equal: (−z)rz2s+z2szr=z2s((−1)rzr+zr)=z2szr((−1)r+1)( - z)^r z^{2s} + z^{2s} z^r = z^{2s}((-1)^r z^r + z^r) = z^{2s} z^r ((-1)^r + 1)(−z)rz2s+z2szr=z2s((−1)rzr+zr)=z2szr((−1)r+1) So, P2=[z2r+z4sz2s+r((−1)r+1)z2s+r((−1)r+1)z2r+z4s]P^2 = \left[ {\begin{matrix} {z^{2r} + z^{4s}} & {z^{2s+r}((-1)^r + 1)} \\ {z^{2s+r}((-1)^r + 1)} & {z^{2r} + z^{4s}} \\ \end{matrix} } \right]P2=[z2r+z4sz2s+r((−1)r+1)​z2s+r((−1)r+1)z2r+z4s​]
  3. Apply the condition P² = -I: We are given P2=−IP^2 = -IP2=−I, where I=[1001]I = \left[ {\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \\ \end{matrix} } \right]I=[10​01​]. P2=[−100−1]P^2 = \left[ {\begin{matrix} -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \\ \end{matrix} } \right]P2=[−10​0−1​] Comparing the elements of the matrices, we get two equations: (i) z2r+z4s=−1z^{2r} + z^{4s} = -1z2r+z4s=−1 (ii) z2s+r((−1)r+1)=0z^{2s+r}((-1)^r + 1) = 0z2s+r((−1)r+1)=0

  4. Solve the system of equations: From equation (ii), since z≠0z \neq 0z=0, we must have z2s+r≠0z^{2s+r} \neq 0z2s+r=0. Therefore, the other factor must be zero: (−1)r+1=0(-1)^r + 1 = 0(−1)r+1=0 (−1)r=−1(-1)^r = -1(−1)r=−1 This implies that rrr must be an odd integer. Since r∈{1,2,3}r \in \{1, 2, 3\}r∈{1,2,3}, the possible values for rrr are r=1r=1r=1 and r=3r=3r=3.

    Now we use equation (i) and substitute z=ωz=\omegaz=ω: ω2r+ω4s=−1\omega^{2r} + \omega^{4s} = -1ω2r+ω4s=−1 From the property 1+ω+ω2=01 + \omega + \omega^2 = 01+ω+ω2=0, we know that ω+ω2=−1\omega + \omega^2 = -1ω+ω2=−1. This means that for the equation ωA+ωB=−1\omega^A + \omega^B = -1ωA+ωB=−1 to hold, the set of powers {A mod 3, B mod 3} must be {1, 2}.

    Let's check the possible values of rrr:

    Case 1: r = 1 The equation becomes ω2(1)+ω4s=−1\omega^{2(1)} + \omega^{4s} = -1ω2(1)+ω4s=−1, which is ω2+ω4s=−1\omega^2 + \omega^{4s} = -1ω2+ω4s=−1. For this to be true, we need ω4s=ω\omega^{4s} = \omegaω4s=ω. This means the exponent 4s4s4s must be congruent to 1 modulo 3: 4s≡1(mod3)4s \equiv 1 \pmod 34s≡1(mod3) Since 4≡1(mod3)4 \equiv 1 \pmod 34≡1(mod3), this simplifies to s≡1(mod3)s \equiv 1 \pmod 3s≡1(mod3). Given that s∈{1,2,3}s \in \{1, 2, 3\}s∈{1,2,3}, the only value that satisfies this condition is s=1s=1s=1. So, (r,s)=(1,1)(r, s) = (1, 1)(r,s)=(1,1) is a solution.

    Case 2: r = 3 The equation becomes ω2(3)+ω4s=−1\omega^{2(3)} + \omega^{4s} = -1ω2(3)+ω4s=−1, which is ω6+ω4s=−1\omega^6 + \omega^{4s} = -1ω6+ω4s=−1. Since ω3=1\omega^3 = 1ω3=1, we have ω6=(ω3)2=12=1\omega^6 = (\omega^3)^2 = 1^2 = 1ω6=(ω3)2=12=1. The equation becomes 1+ω4s=−11 + \omega^{4s} = -11+ω4s=−1, which simplifies to ω4s=−2\omega^{4s} = -2ω4s=−2. This is impossible, because any power of ω\omegaω lies on the unit circle in the complex plane, so its magnitude is 1. i.e., ∣ω4s∣=∣ω∣4s=14s=1|\omega^{4s}| = |\omega|^{4s} = 1^{4s} = 1∣ω4s∣=∣ω∣4s=14s=1. However, ∣−2∣=2|-2| = 2∣−2∣=2. Therefore, there are no solutions when r=3r=3r=3.

  5. Conclusion: The only ordered pair (r,s)(r, s)(r,s) that satisfies the given condition is (1,1)(1, 1)(1,1). Thus, the total number of such ordered pairs is 1.

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