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Hydrocarbons question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q15
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Hydrocarbons question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q15

JEE AdvancedChemistryHydrocarbonsMultiple correct+4 / −2
In the following reaction, the major product is JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Question 16 English
  1. A
    JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Question 16 English Option 1
  2. B
    JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Question 16 English Option 2
  3. C
    JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Question 16 English Option 3
  4. D
    JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Question 16 English Option 4
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

The problem asks for the major product of a multi-step organic synthesis. Let's analyze each step of the reaction sequence.

Step 1: Hydrogenation with Lindlar's Catalyst

The starting material is 1-phenyl-1-propyne, an internal alkyne. Ph−C≡C−CH3Ph-C≡C-CH_3Ph−C≡C−CH3​ The first reagent is H2H_2H2​ with Lindlar's catalyst (Pd/CaCO3Pd/CaCO_3Pd/CaCO3​ poisoned with quinoline). This is a catalyst for the partial hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes. The reaction proceeds via syn-addition of hydrogen atoms across the triple bond, resulting in the formation of a cis-alkene (Z-isomer).

Ph−C≡C−CH3→H2, Lindlar catalystIntermediate P(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-ene (cis-alkene)Ph-C≡C-CH_3 \xrightarrow{H_2, \text{ Lindlar catalyst}} \underset{\text{(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-ene (cis-alkene)}}{\text{Intermediate P}}Ph−C≡C−CH3​H2​, Lindlar catalyst​(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-ene (cis-alkene)Intermediate P​

The structure of intermediate P is:

   Ph      CH3    \    /     C==C    /    \   H      H

Step 2: Bromination

Intermediate P, the cis-alkene, reacts with bromine (Br2Br_2Br2​). This is an electrophilic addition reaction where the two bromine atoms add across the double bond. The mechanism involves the formation of a cyclic bromonium ion, followed by a backside attack by a bromide ion. This results in anti-addition of the bromine atoms.

The stereochemical rule for this type of reaction is: Cis-alkene + Anti-addition → Racemic mixture of enantiomers (threo diastereomer).

P(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-ene→Br2Intermediate Q(±)-threo-1,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropane\underset{\text{(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-ene}}{\text{P}} \xrightarrow{Br_2} \underset{\text{(±)-threo-1,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropane}}{\text{Intermediate Q}}(Z)-1-phenylprop-1-eneP​Br2​​(±)-threo-1,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropaneIntermediate Q​

The product Q is a racemic mixture of (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) enantiomers. For simplicity, we can represent it as Ph−CH(Br)−CH(Br)−CH3Ph-CH(Br)-CH(Br)-CH_3Ph−CH(Br)−CH(Br)−CH3​.

Step 3: Double Dehydrohalogenation and Isomerization

Intermediate Q, a vicinal dihalide, is treated with two equivalents of sodium amide (NaNH2NaNH_2NaNH2​), a very strong base, followed by a water (H2OH_2OH2​O) workup.

  1. Double Elimination: NaNH2NaNH_2NaNH2​ causes two successive E2 eliminations of HBr to form an alkyne. The initial product of this double dehydrohalogenation is the internal alkyne we started with, 1-phenyl-1-propyne. Ph−CH(Br)−CH(Br)−CH3→2NaNH2Ph−C≡C−CH3+2NaBr+2NH3Ph-CH(Br)-CH(Br)-CH_3 \xrightarrow{2 NaNH_2} Ph-C≡C-CH_3 + 2 NaBr + 2 NH_3Ph−CH(Br)−CH(Br)−CH3​2NaNH2​​Ph−C≡C−CH3​+2NaBr+2NH3​

  2. Isomerization: However, in the presence of a strong base like NaNH2NaNH_2NaNH2​, internal alkynes that have adjacent C-H bonds (propargylic protons) can undergo isomerization. The internal alkyne, 1-phenyl-1-propyne (Ph−C≡C−CH3Ph-C≡C-CH_3Ph−C≡C−CH3​), is in equilibrium with its isomeric terminal alkyne, 3-phenyl-1-propyne (Ph−CH2−C≡CHPh-CH_2-C≡CHPh−CH2​−C≡CH). Ph−C≡C−CH3⇌Ph−CH=C=CH2⇌Ph−CH2−C≡CHPh-C≡C-CH_3 \rightleftharpoons Ph-CH=C=CH_2 \rightleftharpoons Ph-CH_2-C≡CHPh−C≡C−CH3​⇌Ph−CH=C=CH2​⇌Ph−CH2​−C≡CH The terminal alkyne has an acidic proton on the sp-hybridized carbon (pKa ≈ 25). The strong base NaNH2NaNH_2NaNH2​ (conjugate acid NH3NH_3NH3​ has pKa ≈ 38) will deprotonate the terminal alkyne irreversibly to form a very stable sodium acetylide salt. Ph−CH2−C≡CH+NaNH2⟶Ph−CH2−C≡C−Na++NH3Ph-CH_2-C≡CH + NaNH_2 \longrightarrow Ph-CH_2-C≡C^-Na^+ + NH_3Ph−CH2​−C≡CH+NaNH2​⟶Ph−CH2​−C≡C−Na++NH3​ According to Le Chatelier's principle, the formation of the stable acetylide anion drives the equilibrium completely to the right. Therefore, the internal alkyne is converted into the sodium salt of the terminal alkyne.

Step 4: Hydrolysis (Workup)

The final step is the addition of water (H2OH_2OH2​O). The acetylide anion is a strong base and will be protonated by water to give the final product, the terminal alkyne.

Ph−CH2−C≡C−Na++H2O⟶Ph−CH2−C≡CH3-phenyl-1-propyne+NaOHPh-CH_2-C≡C^-Na^+ + H_2O \longrightarrow \underset{\text{3-phenyl-1-propyne}}{Ph-CH_2-C≡CH} + NaOHPh−CH2​−C≡C−Na++H2​O⟶3-phenyl-1-propynePh−CH2​−C≡CH​+NaOH

Therefore, the major product of the overall reaction is 3-phenyl-1-propyne.

Conclusion:

Let's check the given options:

  • A: Ph−C≡C−CH3Ph-C≡C-CH_3Ph−C≡C−CH3​ (1-phenyl-1-propyne) - This is the product before isomerization.
  • B: Ph−CH=C=CH2Ph-CH=C=CH_2Ph−CH=C=CH2​ (1-phenyl-1,2-propadiene) - This is an unstable intermediate in the isomerization process.
  • C: PhCH2CH2CH3PhCH_2CH_2CH_3PhCH2​CH2​CH3​ (Propylbenzene) - This would be a reduction product, not possible with the given reagents.
  • D: Ph−CH2−C≡CHPh-CH_2-C≡CHPh−CH2​−C≡CH (3-phenyl-1-propyne) - This is the final product after elimination, isomerization, and protonation.

The major product is 3-phenyl-1-propyne, which corresponds to option D.

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   Ph      CH3    \    /     C==C    /    \   H      H